Instructions
Revision of Literature Review and Introduction
Follow the directions below for the completion of the introduction and literature review revision assignment for Unit V.
Please see the essay/paper attached to work on
Purpose: The purpose of this assignment is to revise the introduction and literature review of your academic argumentative research paper, which you created a draft of below
Descriiption: In this assignment, you will revise the introduction and literature review that you wrote for the Unit IV assignment. Revisions must be substantive and should be made in accordance with the professor’s instructions. The following parts of the assignment must be revised:
Introduction (9-12 well-developed sentences/approximately 350 words): For more details about what is expected for each of the following sentences, please see “Lesson 4: The Introduction.” You may also want to review the “Example Introduction and Literature Review (with comments).” The following components must be included in the introduction (in the following order).
Sentence 1: Introduce the general topic
Sentence 2: Pro side (general)
Sentence 3: Con side (general)
Sentence 4: Narrow the scope (1)
Sentence 5: Examples of the narrowed topic
Sentence 6: Narrow the scope (2)
Sentence 7: Specific controversy
Sentence 8: Pro side (specific)
Sentence 9: Con side (specific)
Sentence 10: The thesis
Literature Review (800-900 words): For details about the structure of the literature review, you will want to review “Lesson 3: The Literature Review: The Process.” You may also want to review the “Example Introduction and Literature Review (with comments).” The link is below.
Literature review preface: This paragraph acts as a guide to what the reader can expect in the literature review.
Literature review body: This section includes three to four body paragraphs that discuss the history, terminology, and both sides of the controversy (pro and con).
Literature review conclusion: The conclusion signals that the literature review is ending, but it also acts as a kind of preface for the body of the paper by restating the thesis statement and establishing your argument once again.
Demonstrate the avoidance of plagiarism through proper use of APA citations and references for all paraphrased and quoted material.
Implement techniques of editing and revising.
Introduction and Literature Review example
Note: The conclusion is not presented in this example; however, the literature review conclusion is a requirement of the assignment.
Please look up for the below assignment , keep the sources already in, the attached paper is the same to work on
Fire Dynamics in Fire Suppression
Introduction: This paper is all about fire dynamics in fire suppression which is defined as the study of how fires start, develop, spread, and extinguished (Fire Dynamics, 2021). This writer agrees that all those involved in firefighting services should improve their orientation on fire dynamics theory. On the contrary, this writer opposes the extensive use of fire dynamics in the investigative and preventative areas of fire services than in the operational area. To narrow the scope of this topic, the author will only focus on fire dynamics in fire suppression and will not discuss other areas related to the topic. Some examples of the narrowed topic include fire science, material science, chemistry, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics that influence fire behavior. Another scope to narrow is fire theory and practice in firefighting services. A specific controversial issue presented in this paper is the quality of knowledge between theory and research. Another controversy is the reliability of fire service activities employed. Specifically, the advocates agree that the theoretical knowledge on fire dynamics in buildings, fire safety engineering, and fire development have improved. However, the opposition argues that when it comes to working on the ground, the firefighting services need to improve their knowledge of fire dynamics. Thesis: Since the effect of changes on fire dynamics is limited on the fire service, firefighters should increase their knowledge and skills based on the fire dynamics theories.
Preface
This paper presents a literature review that explains how fire dynamics are used to support fire suppression and why it should expand in the future. The readers can expect to learn the arguments of the author in the chosen literature versus the arguments of this writer. They will learn that the present firefighting services are not as traditional as before because of fire dynamics application that supports fire suppression. They will also be introduced to the dynamic changes in fire components and building designs that need an updated approach in fire suppression. Since these changes are not widely known to the fire officers and firefighters, they need to improve their orientation on this matter.
Literature review
The scope of work among the fire servicemen has changed, from being operational and
conducting fire inspections to more sophisticated operations. On the other hand, building construction and infrastructure have become more complicated that fire dynamics and fire engineering are now necessary tools for fire safety. Wang et al (2011) explain that knowledge of fire engineering and scientific principles is important to review the building designs and to evaluate the merits of a design solution. Wang et al (2011) also question the role of the fire authority in fire safety. They argue that the fire authority should discuss issues only when they are competent about it.
The fire dynamics theories have done a great job in supporting and improving the quality of fire services for fire safety in buildings during the last decades. Despite this observation, however, the quality of knowledge related to research and theory remains questionable. Fire servicemen need to upgrade their knowledge of fire dynamics since they are not aware of this issue. This need is attributed to the material changes in the room fire environment that include new materials in furnishings, new building designs, updated construction methods, and more energy-efficient building (Johansson & Svensson, 2018).
Some areas where fire dynamics theories can support firefighting activities include the PPV or positive pressure ventilation considered as one of the most effective solutions in firefighting activities. The term fire service activities refer to the operational, preventative, and investigative areas done by the fire service. Based on experiments and theories, the use of PPV can control or mitigate the spread of fire in buildings. For example, the so-called “airflow factor” is effective in evaluating the size of an outlet opening to apply efficient PPV. It connects the outlet space in a building to its inlet opening and demonstrates the airflow’s value. Another example is the relation between fire intensity and firefighting water. The heat release rate depends on the size of the openings in a ventilation-controlled compartment. The volume of water needed to extinguish a fire promptly varies according to the compartment size and occupancy type. The third example where fire dynamics can be applied is the possibility of fire spread through thermal radiation. Calculating the thermal radiation from a fire in a building will determine the possibility of fire spread and the action to be done to protect other buildings nearby (Johansson & Svensson, 2018).
Consequently, fire dynamics paved the way for the rise of the so-called smart firefighting. While this term includes a range of fire activities, the fundamental theory is to use data from different types of sensors for the analysis and evaluation of fire incidents. Examples include data from mobile or stationary sensors and pre -or post-incidents. Fire departments should understand and correctly interpret the data gathered and the effectiveness of the analysis tools. Since smart fire fighting is not common at present, the fire service should learn and understand the fire dynamics in contemporary computer models such as the computational fluid dynamics models.
In a recent survey, the pros mentioned that it is necessary to use fire dynamics theories in
complicated and less frequent situations. They argue that normal compartment fire in large areas where there is sufficient ventilation should not be prioritized in favor of complicated situations. On the other hand, the cons claim that fire assessments and decisions should be prompt based on courage and experience. They argue that there is no time to assess the danger and spread of fire with the use of fire dynamics. As this writer evaluates this controversy between the pros and cons, these types of fires are intricate to handle for the fire service because the experience and training of the firefighters, as well as their theoretical knowledge, are limited. Therefore, the application of fire dynamics theories in relevant fire areas and conditions is necessary.
Conclusion
The application of fire dynamic theories in fire suppression is now necessary to meet the changes in infrastructure designs and the use of materials. Fire service departments should upgrade the knowledge and training of the fire officers and firefighters based on the fire dynamics theories. Building construction has become sophisticated that the practice of fire dynamics and fire engineering is now necessary. These tools are important to assess building designs and evaluate the quality of materials used. Moreover, they will determine if the fire safety measures meet the standards of fire safety in buildings. Fire dynamics theories can be applied to PPV or positive pressure ventilation and fire intensity versus firefighting water solutions. A controversial issue is that the pros claim that the use of fire dynamics is necessary for complicated situations. However, the cons argue that the application of fire dynamics is time-consuming especially in complicated areas. Since complex situations are difficult to handle quickly, fire dynamics becomes necessary. While traditional firefighters can control the spread of fire in less-complicated conditions, they will find it intricate in handling more difficult cases. Therefore, they must upgrade their knowledge and training on fire suppression through the use of fire dynamics theories.
References:
Fire Dynamics. (2021).
Johansson, N. and Svensson, S. (2018). Review of the Use of Fire Dynamics Theory in Fire
Service Activities.
Wang et al. (2011). Challenges of fire fighting in fire engineered built environment. Proc Eng
11:583–592.