What are encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction?

In no less that 300 words create a discussion post based on the discussion points below. use scholarly sources and include in text citation where required. include reference list.
Also in no less that 150 words reply to the classmates posts i will be attaching to the files section. use at least one source for the reply and include in text citation and reference list. If you are not familiar with how response to peers post should be like let me know amd i will send an example.

Discussion Points

Please address the following questions in you Initial Discussion Post.

What are encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction?
Why are they important in object-oriented modeling?
How are these concepts related to each other?
How do these concepts affect classes?
A web search for relevant articles and information could be employed to assist you in your response.

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