1. This assignment requires to create a booklet about the structure and
function of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
1. Understand the process external respiration (ventilation) and gas exchange.
1.1 Explain the structure and function of
the respiratory system.
1.2 Analyse the mechanism of ventilation
(breathing).
1.3 Explain gas exchange from alveolus to
pulmonary capillary.
2. Understand the structure and function of the cardiovascular system.
2.1 Explain the structure and function of
the heart and blood vessels.
2.2. Explain the cardiac cycle
2.3. Explain the pulmonary and systemic
circulation.
3. Discuss the homeostatic mechanism controlling respiration and circulation.
3.1. Explain the feedback mechanisms that
control ventilation and circulation to include
the pacemaker of the heart.
3.2. Discuss observational changes and
homeostatic control of blood gas
concentrations and pH during rest and
exercise.
Circulation.
This system
is the transport system of the body carrying ;
Oxygen
Nutrient
Carbon
dioxide and other wastes
Hormones
Heat
Circulatory
System(s).
The
circulatory (cardiovascular) system is divided into two distinct, anatomically
separate areas;
The
pulmonary circulation.
The
systemic circulation [general].
At the
centre of this system lies its pump – the heart.
Double
Circulation
The right
side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs to enable the gas exchange to take
place, while the left side pumps blood around the body.
This is
known as a double circulation.
The blood
is carried around our bodies in a vast and intricate network of blood vessels.
Arteries.
Capillaries.
Veins
Together
they comprise the systemic circulatory system.
Arteries.
The
arteries of the systemic circulation contain the oxygenated blood, and this is
under direct pressure from the heart.
Key
Arterial points.
Arteries
carry blood away from the heart.
Blood is
carried in the arteries at high pressure.
Arteries
have thick, muscular walls which are able to take this pressure.
Arteries do
not generally contain valves.
Arteries
are very deep seated, except where they pass over pulse points.
External
respiration.
Venous
blood is high in CO2.
CO2 will
diffuse down its concentration gradient from the blood into the alveoli
Air within
the alveoli is high in O2.
O2 will
diffuse down its concentration gradient from the alveoli into the blood.
Internal
respiration.
The
exchange of gases between capillary blood and local body cells.
Internal
Respiration.
Blood
arriving at the capillary bed is high in O2.
O2 will
diffuse down its concentration gradient into cells and tissues.
Cells and
tissues will have high levels of CO2
CO2 will
diffuse down its concentration gradient from cells and tissues into the blood
in the capillary bed.